Jury Duty How Long You Have to Serve Again

Exercise 4. �� .

i) ��

two) ��

a) appointing federal judges

b) having appointed federal judges

III

1) ��

2) ��

a) having elected a president

b) electing a president

IIII

1) ��

ii) ��

a) having made a new constabulary

b) making a new police force

IIV

1) ��

2) ��

a) hearing appeals

b) having heard appeals

one) ��

two) ��

a) having proved guilt

b) proving guilt

VVI

i) ��

2) ��

a) having committed a crime

b) committing a law-breaking

Exercise 5. �� Nowadays Participle Active �� Passive � �� .

Model: The taxi which was taking us to the aerodrome bankrupt downward.

The taxi taking us to the aerodrome broke downward.

1. Practise you know the homo who is talking to our solicitor?

2. The scientists who are researching the causes of cancer are making progress.

three. The client who is sitting in the corridor is waiting for you.

four. The policemen who are investigating the crime are looking for iii men.

five. The problem which is being discussed now is very important.

6. A person who consults people on legal mattes is called a lawyer.

7. The results of the investigation which is existence conducted by a group of

experienced lawyers are very reassuring.

eight. The case which is being heard now is of exceptional public importance.

Exercise 6. �� Past Participle � �� .

Model: She lives in a house which was built in the nineteenth century.

She lives in a house congenital in the nineteenth century.

1. The police never constitute the money that was stolen in the robbery.

2. Most of the appurtenances that are made in this mill are exported.

3. The boy who was injured in the accident was taken to hospital.

4. What was the proper name of the homo who was arrested by the police force?

5. He brought the documents which were signed by the manager.

half-dozen. The policeman who was shot final Tuesday died of his wounds last nighttime.

vii. The defendant couldn�t answer the question which was asked by the judge.

viii. A person who is consulted past a lawyer on legal matters is called a client.

Practice 7. �� .

Model A: Exist conscientious when y'all are crossing the road.

Be careful (when) crossing the route.

1. When I was going to the Institute, I met a friend of mine.

2. While my friend was driving to work yesterday, he had an accident.

3. While I was parking the motorcar, I hitting the car behind.

four. Jim hurt his arm while he was playing tennis.

5. Bill roughshod comatose while he was listening to the lecture.

Model B: Every bit he hadn�t received the answer to his letter, he sent a telegram.

Non having received the reply to his letter, he sent a telegram.

i. After I had done all the housework, I went out for a walk.

2. As he had given up smoking, he felt amend.

iii. Because he had failed the examination the commencement time, he decided to take it again.

four. After the court had tried this uneasy case, information technology passed a sentence.

5. Every bit he had not been told the truth, he didn�t know how to act.

Model C: If you ask her , she will tell you a lot about her life abroad.

If asked, she volition tell you a lot about her life abroad.

1. If this method is used, it will help us to study this miracle.

2. If yous write your essay, it will exist sent to the editor.

3. When Americans a re summoned for jury duty, they look upon information technology as an

opportunity to serve their country.

4. When the crime suspect was shown the photographs, he confessed

everything.

5. If I am offered a well-paid job, I�ll take it.

Practise eight. �� . �� .

1. The party bringing the accommodate is called the plaintiff and the political party being sued is called the defendant. 2. Having tried to phone her several times, he wrote her a letter. 3. When sitting as a court, the Firm of Lords is equanimous only of the �police force lords�. 4. Having been questioned, he was released on bail in the interests of the investigation. 5. Being divided into 11 judicial circuits, the United states has a Federal Courtroom of Entreatment in each excursion. 6. While speaking at the meeting, he paid particular attention to the trouble of terrorism. 7. Having been selected, the jury went to the courtroom. eight. Hearing appeals, the judge sits alone without a jury. 9. Having arrived at the crime scene amongst the first, the investigator was able to question all persons nowadays at the scene. 10. The number of people entering the legal profession has been increasing. eleven. Existence suspected of an offence, he was detained. 12. The officer must show the warrant to the person being arrested. 13. Having defeated all his opponents, Caesar came to Rome and chosen himself emperor. 14. 10 people died while being transported to a infirmary. 15. Criminal cases are tried past a judge sitting with a jury.

Practise ix. �� Past Participle. �� .

1. The imprisoned men were unhappy with their living atmospheric condition. ii. The evidence although admitted by the judge was not sufficient. iii. If released, he will go along to exist on parole for a year. 4. A person appointed to hear and endeavour cases in a court of law is a judge. 5. The excited passengers jumped into the lifeboats when notified that the transport was sinking. vi. Suits brought against doctors by the patients are particularly numerous. 7. If approved past both Houses, a bill is placed before the sovereign for the Royal Assent. eight. The human robbed in the shop has telephoned the police force station. 9. When arrested, a person has a statutory right to be consulted by a solicitor. 10. Show obtained by illegal ways is not admitted by the judge. 11. Although sentenced to life, he will become eligible for parole afterwards serving ten years. 12. The crime of break-in committed in this neighbourhood has not been investigated yet. thirteen. Once approved, the Supreme Court Justices hold function for life. 14. A person establish guilty by the magistrates may appeal to the Crown Court. 15. The witness was answering the questions until interrupted.

Exercise x. �� , �� Present Participle �� By Participle. �� .

one. Bill is a draft constabulary (introducing / introduced) in either House.

2. The laws (existing / existed) in unlike countries protect individuals.

3. Our representative presented the (approval / approved) programme to public.

4. Our instructor �s (approving / canonical) smile allow u.s. know that our speeches

were well done.

passionate friends tried to panel the (crying / cried) victims of the

accident.

6. When James noticed the (called-for / burnt) edifice he notified the burn

department.

7. We institute information technology difficult to get through the (closing / closed) door without a key.

8. The police towed away the (parking / parked) cars because they were

locking the archway.

9. The visitor sent me a brochure (containing / contained) all the

information I needed.

10. Crimes (trying / tried) in the Crown Court involve rather long

imprisonment.

11. Drug abuse is a problem (affecting / affected) people in all social groups.

one.2 �� �� ��

( The Nominative Absolute Participle Construction )

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Being unconstitutional the proposal was rejected.

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The proposal being unconstitutional, the committee rejected it.

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one) �� , �� ;

2) �� , �� ;

iii) �� .

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1. �� �� :

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Participle ,

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The lawyer being inexperienced , the case was lost.

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two. �� �� : �� + ��,

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Participle

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The Usa Congress consists of two chambers, each of them being elected past citizens of all states.

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The verdict having been returned , the judge pronounced the sentence.

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�� with , �� .

The jurors decide questions of fact, with the judge guiding them on questions

of law.

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The talks are to keep, with the American proposals unchanged .

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Exercise 1. �� , � �� �� �� �� �� . �� .

1. When leaving the crime scene, the criminal left some traces. ii. The Constitution proclaiming the peaceful nature of the state, in that location is a special chapter in it formulating the principles of the foreign policy. 3. Not having learnt any Japanese, he couldn�t empathize the message. 4. The Senate consists of 2 members from each state, chosen for half dozen years, one third being re-elected every 2 years. 5. He just saturday there, doing nothing. 6. Having grounds to suspect of an offence, the law must caution a person. 7. The offender beingness younger than xiv, his case was considered by the juvenile court. 8. The witnesses are examined, their evidence being recorded by the clerk. ix. Having been apprehended, the hijackers were whisked off to FBI headquarters past the security guards. 10. The representation of the case having been completed , the judge declared the hearing airtight. 11. Having been notified by the court, Maria reported for jury duty. 12. There are several reasons for the popularity of the legal profession, a large fee beingness one of them. 13. With so footling time left, nosotros cannot discuss the plan in detail.

Practice two. �� , �� .

i. The district courts existence the principal link of the judiciary, nigh of the criminal and civil cases are tried by these courts. 2. The House of Lords hears appeals of exceptional public importance from the Court of Appeal, their number being very express. 3. A verdict having been reached, the approximate discharges the jury from the case. iv. The Supreme Courtroom of the Usa consists of 9 justices, i justice being appointed equally the Primary Justice. 5. Magistrates� Courts being the everyman criminal courts, they are empowered to hear small-scale cases involving rather mild punishment. half-dozen. Magistrates are non trained in law, the clerk of the court advising them on legal points. vii. The barrister is an proficient in advocacy, with much of his fourth dimension being spent in the courtroom. 8. According to the American Constitution at that place are three separate branches of regime, each one having powers over the others. 9. The American Constitution specifies the powers and duties of each federal branch of government, with all other powers and duties belonging to the states. 10. The lower chamber having passed the pecker, it went to the upper chamber. xi. The police records showed that the prisoner had served three terms of imprisonment for robbery, one of them being robbery with violence. 12. The entire world population suffers from ecological law-breaking, the perpetrators being mostly enterprises that act in bunco with environmental regulators.

Exercise 3. �� , �� , �� , �� . �� .

Model:

The objection was not valid .

The judge overruled it.

The objection being not valid , the judge overruled it.

��  �� �� ��, �� .

1. The article was interesting and important.

I used it in my report.

2. The student knew the subject well.

The examination did non terminal long.

3. Only the Prime Minister has admission to the monarch.

Their discussion is entirely hugger-mugger.

4. There are 64 circuits in England and Wales.

Each excursion is served by a Circuit Judge.

5. The situation was grave.

Urgent measures had to be taken.

6. The careers of judge and lawyer are not separate.

Judges are chosen from the most successful lawyers.

7. The get-go question of the calendar has been decided upon.

The briefing passed the resolution.

Revision e xercise 1

(��  1 )

�� , �� (�� ) � �� .

1. When appearing in the county courtroom, a solicitor must wear a gown. ii. We�ll inform you most the results of the investigation existence conducted. 3. In the state organisation there are seldom life appointments for judges, fixed terms being more usual. 4. If found guilty by the magistrates� courtroom, a person may entreatment to a higher court. 5. Having fabricated no turn a profit that twelvemonth, he ready burn to his own mill. half dozen. They found several boxes containing explosives. 7. The murdered woman was well known in the surface area. 8. Being followed he felt uneasy. 9. The political platform of the Republican and Democratic parties in the The states being akin, the Democrats and Republicans substantially conduct the like policy. x. Not having been notified of the alter in meeting times, t he barrister arrived tardily. 11. Arresting a person without a warrant, the police do it to protect the public. 12. The participants in the trial speak in open court, the printing having the right to be nowadays. 13. Having been beaten by the law for hitting an officer, the homo cried out in pain. 14. Four armed men robbed the bank last week and escaped with undetermined amount of greenbacks. 15. There are near 100 Federal Courts in the USA, final say-so resting in the Usa Supreme Court. 16. Being elected for a term of 4 years the President is to carry out the plan of the government.

2 ��

( The Infinitive )

�� - �� , � �� . �� to , �� , �� , �� - ��: to try ��/�� ; to write �� /��. �� shall , will , �� tin can , could , may , might , must , should , would (�� ought ), � �� (��. �.27) �� to �� .

You must hand in your tests.

�� �� �� �� .

�� not , �� .

Not to warn him of this would be dishonest.

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�� , �� , ��, �� , �� .

I�d like to settle the affair every bit presently as possible.

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2.1 �� 

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Voice Tense	Active	Passive	��
Indefinite	to try	to be tried	�� ��
to write	to be written

Continuous	to be trying	______	�� �� , ��
to exist writing

Perfect	to take tried	to have been tried	��
to accept written	to have been written

Perfect Continuous	to accept been trying to have been writing	______	�� , ��

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i 2 3 4 five 6

Jury Duty How Long You Have to Serve Again

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Jury Duty How Long You Have to Serve Again

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